MCQ – 66190

Identify the structures marked in the picture shown below? 

A.	a: Lateral process of Malleus b: Handle of Malleus c: Cone of light d:Pars tensa e: Annulus f: Umbo g:Long process of incus h:Pars flaccida
B.	a:Lateral process of Malleus b:Handle of Malleus c:Cone of light d:Pars flaccida e:Annulus f:Umbo g:Long process of incus h:Pars tensa
C.	a:Lateral process of Malleus b:Head of Malleus c:Cone of light d:Pars tensa e:Annulus f:Umbo g:Long process of incus h:Pars flaccida
D.	a:Lateral process of Malleus b:Handle of Malleus c:Cone of light d:Pars tensa e:Annulus f:Umbo g:Short process of incus h:Pars flaccida

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Correct Answer � A Explanation

Ans:A.)

a:Lateral process of Malleus

b:Handle of Malleus

c:Cone of light

d:Pars tensa

e:Annulus

f:Umbo

g:Long process of incus

h:Pars flaccida

The image is shown of a Tympanic membrane.

Tympanic membrane

• Structure:
  • Outer epithelial/cutaneous layer: stratified squamous epithelium .
  • Middle fibrous layer: thin/absent in pars flaccida; contains 3 types of fibers – radial, circular and parabolic.
  • Inner mucosal layer
• Components 
  • Anterior and posterior malleolar fold: Converges to the lateral process of malleus from 2 ends of the tympanic notch of Rivinus
  • Pars flacidda/Sharpnell membrane/Rivinus membrane: Part of relatively lax membrane lying above the malleolar folds; lack middle fibrous layer
  • Pars tensa: Relatively taut and forms the remaining part of the tympanic membrane; contain all 3 layers
  • Annulus tympanicus: Thick rolled periphery of pars tensa
  • Umbo: Center of the tympanic membrane which divides it into 4 quadrants and the point of attachment for the handle of malleus
  • Tympanic notch of Rivinus/Rivinus incisure: Notch (deficient area) in the superior part of fibrocartilaginous tympanic ring bridged by pars saw.
  • Cone of light/Light reflex: In the antero-inferior quadrant, below and anterior to the handle of malleus
  • Ossicles seen :
    • The handle of the malleus is seen extending downwards and backward, ending at the apex of the triangular “cone of reflected light.” 
    • The lateral process of malleus through which passes anterior and posterior malleolar folds
    • The long process of the incus and its articulation with the head of the stapes may frequently be seen through the postero-superior quadrant of a thin tympanic membrane.