Question
A 8-year-old boy presents with a fever. His condition started 3 days ago and is associated with watery nasal discharge, muscle pain, cough, sore throat, and headache. His vaccination is not updated. The vital signs show a temperature of 37.8 C (100.4 F), cardiac rate 105/min, and a respiratory rate of 22 breaths/min. The physical exam reveals clear nasal discharge on both nostrils and hyperemic tonsils. Chest and lung examination shows symmetrical chest expansion, no intercostal retractions, and clear breath sounds in both lung fields. Which of the following treatments for his condition have a side effect of a sporadic transient neuropsychiatric event?
| A. |
Amantadine
|
| B. |
Oseltamivir
|
| C. |
Rimantadine
|
| D. |
Zanamivir
|
Show Answer
|
Correct Answer � D
Explanation
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|
Ans: D, Zanamivir
Influenza is an acute disease that targets the upper respiratory tract and causes inflammation of the upper respiratory tree and trachea. The acute symptoms persist for seven to ten days, and the disease is self-limited in most healthy individuals.
Signs and symptoms of influenza in mild cases include a cough, fever, sore throat, myalgia, headache, runny nose, and congested eyes. A frontal or retro-orbital headache is a common presentation with selected ocular symptoms that includes photophobia and pain with different qualities.
Oseltamivir can be used for chemoprophylaxis for individuals one year and older in cases of outbreaks and exposure in high-risk groups. The side effects of oseltamivir include skin reactions that might be severe and sporadic transient neuropsychiatric events; these side effects form a barrier to the use of oseltamivir in the elderly and individuals that are at higher risk of developing these side effects.
Amantadine and rimantadine are effective against influenza A, but not influenza B.
During recent influenza seasons, high rates of resistance have been identified in influenza A for the adamantanes antivirals, and they are not recommended for treatment or prophylaxis against influenza A.
Zanamivir can be used for Influenza A and B.
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