Treatment of Poisoning: uses of Antidotes

Ans. Barbiturates

Ans. Sodium bicarbonate

Ans. Acetaminophen

Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., Methanol poisoning

• Methanol is highly toxic alcohol. It is metabolized to formaldehyde (by alcohol dehydrogenas) and formic acid (by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase).
• It is the accumulation of formic acid which causes toxic effects in methanol poisoning. Accumulation of formic acid results in lactic acidosis/high anion gap metabolic acidosis with low plasma bicarbonates, blindness due to retinal damage, papilledema.
• Methanol poisoning can be treated by supportive measures, gastric lavage and sodium bicarbonate (to treat acidosis). Ethanol is useful because it competitively inhibits the conversion of methanol to formic acid. Fomepizole can also be used as it is a specific inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase. Folic acid or folinic acid. Enhance the metabolism formic acid to CO₂. Hemodialysis may also be used.

Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., Cyanide

Ans. is ‘b’ i.e., Physostigmine

Atropine blocks cholinergic receptors.

So, for atropine overdose, we require a drug that increases cholinergic action.

Physostigmine increases the concentration of Ach.

Physostigmine counteracts central (because it crosses BBB) as well as peripheral symptoms of atropine toxicity (other anticholinesterases like neostigmine and pyridostigmine counteract only peripheral symptoms as they cannot cross BBB) Physostigmine is the DOC.

Ans. is ‘d’ i.e., Naloxone-Dhatura

Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., Flumazenil