Rapoport Leubering cycle
| A | Tyndall effect | |
| B |
Warburg effect |
|
| C |
Hawthorne effect |
|
| D |
None of the above |
The phenomenon of cancer cells switching to glycolysis even in the presence of adequate oxygen for oxidative phosphorylation is known as:
| A |
Tyndall effect |
|
| B |
Warburg effect |
|
| C |
Hawthorne effect |
|
| D |
None of the above |
Ref: Robbins 8th edition Chapter 2.
Within the RBC, hypoxia stimulates glycolysis by which of the following regulating pathways?
| A |
Hypoxia stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase by increased 2,3 DPG |
|
| B |
Hypoxia inhibits hexokinase |
|
| C |
Hypoxia stimulates release of all glycolytic enzymes from band 3 on RBC membrane |
|
| D |
Activation of the regulatory enzymes by high PH |
Within the RBC, hypoxia stimulates glycolysis by which of the following regulating pathways?
| A |
Hypoxia Stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase by increased 2,3 DPG |
|
| B |
Hypoxia inhibits hexokinase |
|
| C |
Hypoxia stimulates release of all Glycolytic enzymes from Band 3 on RBC membrane |
|
| D |
Activation of the regulatory enzymes by high PH |
C i.e. Hypoxia stimulates release of all glycolytic enzymes from Band 3 on RBC membrane
RBC membrane cytoskeletal protein spectrin is anchored to transmembrane anion exchanger protein Band 3 by protein ankyrin & protein 4.2. Another cytoskeletal protein actin is attached to transmembrane glycophorin C by protein 4.1. Tropomyosin, tropomodulin, adducin and 4.9 are other proteins.
- Band 3, is a multifunction RBC transmembrane protein, which is important for its cytoskeletal structure, cell shape, anion exchange activity and glycolysisQ. Band 3 is responsible for chloride shift in RBCQ. Hypoxic deoxygenation of hemoglobin causes Band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation and thereby stimulates glycolysis by releasing glycolytic enzymes from band 3 on RBC membraneQ.
- In kidney, I cells contain Band 3, an anion exchange protein in their basolateral cell membrane, which may function as a
Cl- – HCO3 exchanger for the transport of HCO3 to interstitial fluid.
- In animal cells, principal regulators of intracellular pH are HCO3 transporters such as Band 3 CI– – Hog; exchanger, 3Na+ – Hcq cotransporters and a le– – HCO3 cotransporter.
| A | 2 | |
| B |
6 |
|
| C |
8 |
|
| D |
0 |
Ans. ‘D’ 0
Net number of ATPs produced from 1 mol of Glucose by
- Anaerobic Glycolysis- 2 ATPs
- Aerobic Glycolysis – 7 ATPs
- Aerobic oxidation- 32 ATPs
- Rapoport-LueberingCycle- Zero