Image Based Question-66162

Identify the condition of oral cavity shown in the photograph below ?

A. Reparative granuloma.

B. Gingival hyperplasia.

C. Epulis.

D. Papilloma.

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Correct Answer » B Explanation

Ans : B. Gingival hyperplasia.

Gingival enlargement (also termed gingival overgrowth, hypertrophic gingivitis, gingival hyperplasia, or gingival hypertrophy)

• It is an increase in the size of the gingiva (gums).

• A closely related term is epulis, denoting a localized tumor (i.e. lump) on the gingiva.

Gingival enlargement has been classified according to cause into 5 general groups:

Inflammatory enlargement:

Gingivitis

• Accumulation and retention of plaque is the chief cause .

• Risk factors include poor oral hygiene, as well as physical irritation of the gingiva by improper restorative and orthodontic appliances.

Drug induced enlargement

• anticonvulsants (such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, lamotrigine, vigabatrin, ethosuximide, topiramate and primidone )

• calcium channel blockers (antihypertensives such as nifedipine, amlodipine, and verapamil)

• cyclosporine, an immunosuppresant.

• Of all cases , about 50% are attributed to phenytoin, 30% to cyclosporins and the remaining 10-20% to calcium channel blockers.

Enlargement associated with systemic diseases or conditions

• pregnancy

• puberty

• vitamin C deficiency

• nonspecific, such as a pyogenic granuloma

• granulolomatous diseases, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis, sarcoidosis, or orofacial granulomatosis

Neoplastic enlargement

• leukemia

• benign neoplasms, such as fibromas, papillomas and giant cell granulomas

• malignant neoplasms, such as a carcinoma or malignant melanoma

False enlargement.

• such as when there is an underlying bony or dental tissue lesion.

Treatment:

• The first line management of gingival overgrowth is improved oral hygiene, ensuring that the irritative plaque is removed from around the necks of the teeth and gum.