FOURNIER GANGRENE FOURNIER’S GANGRENE Also called as idiopathic gangrene of the scrotum. It is a vascular gangrene, a form of necrotizing fasciitis, with abrupt onset of a rapidly fulminating genital gangrene of idiopathic origin and gangrene upto deep fascia. Trauma, infection → microorganism → inflammation → obliterative arteritis → scrotal gangrene Common in diabetics (MC) […]
BUERGER DISEASE BUERGER’S DISEASE (THROMBOANGITIS OBLITERANS) Buerger’s disease is a non- atherosclerotic, progressive, segmental, occlusive inflammatory disorder involving small and medium sized arteries with cell mediated sensitivity to Type I and Type II collage in upper and lower extremities. Inflammatory process does involve adjacent nerves and veins. Triad of thromboangitis obliterans- occlusion of small and
ECTOPIC TESTIS ECTOPIA TESTIS An ectopic testicle descends normally through the inguinal canal but then moves into an abnormal position in the groin area. The main hazard is liability to injury. Sites of ectopic testis- a) Superficial inguinal pouch b) Perineum c) Root of the penis d) Femoral triangle (thigh) Ectopic testis is usually fully
MUCOCELE OF GALL BLADDER Mucocele of the Gall bladder It is one of the complications of Gall stones. Caused due to obstruction of the stone at the neck of the bladder. In course of time the bile is absorbed and replaced by the mucus secreted by the Gall bladder epithelium. Due to this the Gall
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HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES It is the family of genetic disorders caused by production of a structurally abnormal hemoglobin molecule, synthesis of insufficient quantities of normal hemoglobin, or, rarely, both. variants leading to hemoglobinopathies may be either alpha chain variants or beta chain variants. Abnormalities in the primary sequence of globin chains lead to hemoglobinopathies,e.g. HbS (qualitative hemoglobinopathy) Abnormalities in the rate
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GENE THERAPY GENE THERAPY It is a technique for correcting defective gene responsible for disease development. It implies to correct the basic genetic abnormality. Gene therapy is a procedure involving inserting (or sometimes deleting) portions of gene in diseased patients for the purpose of cure. Antisense gene therapy or gene silencing selectively inactivate (or turn off)
VENOUS ULCERS VENOUS ULCERS Venous ulcers are situated on the medial side of lower half of the leg above medial malleolus (gaitre’s zone) It is a complication of varicose veins and DVT. ETIOLOGY- Fibrin cuff theory- High venous pressure –> pericapillary infiltrate –> fibrin –> fibrosis –> cuffs –> diffusion block –> tissue damage White
LYMPHANGIOSARCOMA ANGIOSARCOMA (LYMPHANGIOSARCOMA) Lymphangiosarcoma arises from lymph vessel endothelium. They are high grade and aggressive tumours. It usually occurs after radical lymph node dissection (Stewart – Treves syndrome) It may develop as a complication of a long standing lymphodema. CLINICAL FEATURES- Most of them occur in head and neck, breast, liver. Acute worsening of
GRAFTS GRAFTS Graft is transfer of tissue from one area to other without blood supply or nerve supply. It can be- a) Autograft- tissue transferred from one location to another on the same patient. b) Isograft- tissue transferred between two genetically identical twins. c) Allograft- tissue transferred between two genetically different members (kidney transplant)- (homograft)
MALIGNANT MELANOMA MALIGNANT MELANOMA (MELANOCARCINOMA) Malignant melanoma is a malignant tumour arising from epidermal melanocyte derived from neural crest. Most aggressive cutaneous malignant tumour. DOPA REACTION- SITES FOR MALIGNANT MELANOMA- Head & neck Lower extremity Trunk Upper limb Choroid of the eye Genetalia MC site for men- front or back of the trunk MC site
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