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MedicoApps provides authentic NEET PG previous year questions from 2012 to 2025 with detailed explanations, clinical coverage, and offline access.

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Yes, MedicoApps includes clinical and image-based questions with complete explanations and references, covering subjects tested in NEET PG.

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Yes, MedicoApps follows an 80/20 high-yield preparation approach, emphasising repeated concepts since 60-75% of NEET PG questions come from concepts tested in past exams.

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The app is regularly updated to align with the latest NEET PG exam patterns and includes new questions as per evolving trends in medical entrance exams.

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Yes, each question is accompanied by an explanatory note that clarifies the concept behind the answer and references relevant sources.

Which previous year exams are included in MedicoApps?

MedicoApps includes authentic previous year questions from NEET PG, NeXT PG, INI CET, and FMGE exams, spanning from 2012 to 2025.

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Codons & Genetic code

CODON &GENETIC CODE

Codon- is a sequence of three adjacent bases that corresponds to one of the amino acid.
There are 64 possible codon of sequence.
Four nucleotide bases A, G, C and U.
If 4 bases 4⁴= 256 amino acids.
Methionine has only 1 codon.
Genetic code is the system of nucleotide sequences of mRNA that determines the sequence of amino acids in protein.
Characteristics of genetic codes-

1. Triplet codon– each amino acid has triplet sequence.

2. Degenerate (Redundant)–

A given amino acid may have more than one codon.
Degeneracy of the codon lies in the 3^rd base.

3. Universal– a specific codon represent a specific amino acid in all the species.

Genetic coder are found in human mitochondria, code is-

AUA codes for methionine instead of isoleucine.
AGA and AGG serve as as stop codon.
UGA also codes for Selenocysteine, a mechanism called translational recording.

4.Unambiguous/ Specific– a particular codon always codes for the same amino acid

5. Non overlapping and nonpuntate (comma less)– reading of genetic code does not involve overlapping sequence.

E.g.- AUGCUA GACUUU reads as AUG/CUA/GAC/UUU without punctuation (comma) between codons.

6. Stop or termination or nonsense codons–

The three nucleotide triplets do not code for any amino acid are- UAA (amber), UAG (ochre), UGA (opal) called as nonsense codons that normally signal termination of polypeptide chains.
Wobble Hypothesis- states that a single tRNA can recognise more than one codon.
Base pairing of 3^rd base of codon (at 3¹end) often fails to recognize the specific complementary base codon (at 5¹end at tRNA)
Wobble explains the degeneracy of genetic code.
A minimum of 31 tRNAs are required to translate all 61 different codons for the amino acids.
Gene- is the smallest functional unit of genome. 2 types

Inducible gene
Constitutive gene (housekeeping genes)- genes whose expression is not regulated

Cistron- is the smallest unit of genetic expression.
The codons that designate the same amino acid are called synonyms.

Exam Important

Information for synthesis of protein is contained in the mRNA.
Thymine is not involved in codons.
64 (4³) possible codon sequences.
tRNA acts as the adapter molecule between the codon and specific amino acid.
UUU is the codon for phenylalanine.
Degeneracy of the codon lies in the 3^rd base.
Amino acid with maximum number codons are Serine, Arginine, Leucine.
Monocistronic- e.g. eukaryotic mRNA
Polycistronic- e.g. Prokaryotic mRNA

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Codons & Genetic code