Muscular compartment of leg
MUSCULAR COMPARTMENT OF LEG
- The leg is divided into four compartments
- Anterior compartment
- Lateral compartment
- (Superficial) Posterior compartment
- Deep posterior compartment
Anterior Compartment:
| MUSCLE | ORIGIN | INSERTION | INNERVATION | ACTION |
|
Tibialis anterior (TA) |
Lateral condyle of tibia, upper half/lateral surface of tibia, interosseous membrane | Medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal | Deep fibular (peroneal) (L4-5) | Ankle dorsiflexion, forefoot inversion |
|
Extensor DigitorumLongus (EDL) |
Lateral condyle of tibia, ant surface of fibula, interosseous membrane | Dorsum of base of middle phalanx, dorsum of base of distal phalanx | Deep fibular (peroneal) (L5-S1) | Extension of toes,dorsiflexion of ankle |
|
Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL) |
Middle ½ of ant fibula, IM | Distal phalanx of the great toe | Deep fibular (peroneal) (L5-S1) | Extend the great toe,dorsiflex ankle |
|
Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius |
Distal 1/3 ant fibula, interosseous membrane | Dorsum shaft of 5th metatarsal | Deep fibular (peroneal) (L5-S1) | Forefoot eversion, weakankle dorsiflexion |
Lateral Compartment:
| MUSCLE | ORIGIN | INSERTION | INNERVATION | ACTION |
|
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus (FL) |
head, upper 2/3 lateral surface of fibula |
inferolateral surface of medial cuneiform 1st metatarsal on its inferior surface |
superficial fibular (peroneal) (L5-S1 an> | Forefoot eversion, ankleplantar flexion |
|
Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis (FB) |
lower 2/3 lateral fibula | tuberosity on base of 5thmetatarsal | superficial fibular (peroneal) (L5-S1) | forefoot eversion, ankle plantar flexion |
(Superficial) Posterior compartment:
| MUSCLE | ORIGIN | INSERTION | INERVATION | ACTION |
|
Gastrocnemius (Bounds Popliteal fossa) |
medial and lateral condyles of femur | Achilles tendon to calcaneum | Tibial nerve |
Flexes foot; flexes leg used in normal walk during DIstance and swing |
| Plantaris | lateral supracondylar ridge of femur | calcaneum | Tibial nerve | Plantar flexes foot; flexes leg |
|
Soleus(peripheral heart) |
Shafts of tibia and fibula | Achilles tendon into calcaneum | Tibial nerve | Plantar flexor of foot |
Deep Posterior Compartment:
| MUSCLE | ORIGIN | INSERTION | INERVATION | ACTION |
|
Popliteus (unlocker of knee) |
Lateral condyle of femur
Lateral meniscus
|
proximal shaft of tibia | Tibial nerve |
Plantarflexand medially rotate leg
|
| Flexor digitorum longus | Shaft of tibia | distal phalanges of toe 2-5 | Tibial nerve |
Plantarflexand invert foot, flex toe
|
| Flexor hallucis longus | shaft of fibula | base of distal phalanx of big toe | Tibial nerve |
Plantarflexand invert foot, flex toe
|
| Tibialis posterior | Shafts of tibia and fibula & interosseous membrane (passes deep to the flexor retinaculum) |
Major tendon insertion passes to tuberosity of navicular.
Posterior tendon slips pass to calcaneus, plantar surface of all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid and to base of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals |
Tibial nerve | Plantarflexand invert foot |
BLOOD SUPPLY:
| COMPARTMENT | BLOOD SUPPLY |
| Anterior | Anterior tibial artery |
| Lateral |
No major arteries in lateral compartment. Muscular branches arise from the peroneal artery (Branch of posterior tibial) |
| Posterior superficial |
Popliteal artery(Gastrocnemius) Peroneal artery proximally and the posterior tibial artery distally( SOLEUS)
|
| Deep superficial | posterior tibial artery |
- Popliteus muscle is also called unlocker of knee
- Peroneus longus is inserted into medial cuneiform
- Peroneus longus causes eversion of ankle
- Gastrocnemius is used in normal walk during DIstance and swing
- Tibialis posterior passes deep to the flexor retinaculum
- Tibialis posterior is inserted in Calcaneus,Intermediate cuneiform & Cuboid
- Boundaries of Popliteal fossa is formed by Biceps femoris, Both heads of Gastrocnemius & Adductor magnus
- Peroneus brevis is attached to the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal
- Gastrocnemius & plantaris muscles acts both at knee and ankle joint
- Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor hallucis longus, Tibialis anterior & Peroneus tertius causes dorsiflexion of ankle
- Plantaris , FHL , FDL, Soleus, popliteus, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, Tibialis posterior all causes Plantar flexion
- Tibialis anterior, Extensor DigitorumLongus , Extensor Hallucis Longus & Peroneus tertius are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
- Popliteus muscle is supplied by tibial nerve
- Soleus is also called peripheral heart
