Sex Determination by Skeleton
Important bones used for sex determination are:
- Pelvis(most common), skull, mandible, vertebra, femur, and scapula
- ACCURACY OF SEXING….KROGMAN
- ENTIRE SKELETON… 100%
- PELVIS & SKULL…….98%
- PELVIS………………..95%
- SKULL…………………90%
- LONG BONES………..80%
|
Male |
Female |
|
Bone frame massive |
Less massive |
|
Pelvic brim or inlet-Heart shaped |
Circular/elliptical |
|
Ilium less expanded |
More expanded |
|
Anterior superior Iliac spines not widely separated |
Widely separated |
|
Ilio-Pectineal line- well marked |
Round and smooth |
|
Suprapubic arch narrow (<70) |
>90 |
|
Ischial tuberosity inverted |
Everted |
|
Obturator foramina ovoid |
Triangular |
|
Greater sciatic notch narrow |
Wide |
|
Acetabula wider and deeper |
Narrower and shallower |
|
Preauricularsulcus(attachmentof anterior sacroiliac ligament) not frequent,noarrow and shallow. |
More frequent broad and deep |
|
|
Male |
Female |
|
General |
Larger, longer (Dolichocrania) |
Smaller, lighter (Brachycrania) |
|
Forehead |
Steeper, less rounded |
Vertical, rounded, full |
|
Glabella |
More Prominent |
Less prominent |
|
Frontonasal junction |
Distinct angulation |
Smoothly curved |
|
Orbits |
Square, rounded margins |
Rounded, sharp margins |
|
Zygomatic arch |
More Prominent |
Less prominent |
|
Frontal & Parietal eminences |
Small |
Large |
|
Occipital area |
Prominent |
Not prominent |
|
Palate |
Large, U-shaped |
Smaller, Parabola like |
|
Capacity |
1500 – 1550 cc. |
1350 – 1400 cc. |
|
Male |
Female |
|
Lower jaw more massive |
Less massive |
|
Chin square |
Pointed or round |
|
Symphyseal height more |
Height less |
|
Asceding Ramus Greater breadth |
Lesser breadth |
|
Angle everted |
Not everted |
|
Male |
Female |
|
Corporobasal index of sacrum Breadth of first sacral vertebra/Breadth of base of sacrum*100=45 |
40.5 |
Exam Question
Important bones used for sex determination are:
- Pelvis(most common), skull, mandible, vertebra, femur, and scapula
- ACCURACY OF SEXING….KROGMAN
- ENTIRE SKELETON… 100%
- PELVIS & SKULL…….98%
- PELVIS………………..95%
- SKULL…………………90%
- LONG BONES………..80%
PELVIS
|
Male |
Female |
|
Pelvic brim or inlet-Heart shaped |
Circular/elliptical |
|
Ilio-Pectineal line- well marked |
Round and smooth |
|
Suprapubic arch narrow (<70) |
>90 |
|
Obturator foramina ovoid |
Triangular |
|
Greater sciatic notch narrow |
Wide |
|
Preauricularsulcus(attachment of anterior sacroiliac ligament) not frequent,noarrow and shallow. |
More frequent broad and deep |
Skull
|
|
Male |
Female |
|
Orbits |
Square, rounded margins |
Rounded, sharp margins |
|
Zygomatic arch |
More Prominent |
Less prominent |
|
Frontal & Parietal eminences |
Small |
Large |
|
Occipital area |
Prominent |
Not prominent |
|
Capacity |
1500 – 1550 cc. |
1350 – 1400 cc. |
Mandible:
- Seen in female mandible i.e., ramus with smaller breath, angle of body of mandible obtuse, ramus inverted,and chin (symphysis mentis) rounded
Vertebral Column
|
Male |
Female |
|
Corporobasal index of sacrum Breadth of first sacral vertebra/Breadth of base of sacrum*100=45 |
40.5 |
