Candida

Ans. is ‘c’ i.e., Candida shows mycelia and chlamy dospores on corn meal agar

Candida

.   Candida albicans is the most common cause of mucosal candidiasis.

.  All candida species pathogenic for humans are also encountered as commensals of humans, particularly in the mouth, stool and vagina.

.  They grow rapidly on simple media as oval budding cells at 25^° to 37°C.

.  In tissue, both yeasts and pseudohyphae are present.

.  Candida albicans is differentiated by other candida :

– It forms true hyphae (mycelia) or germ tubes when grown in serum.

– It forms thick walled large spores called chlamydospores when grown in corn meal agar.

– It is dimorphic.

Remember -4 Candida albicans can produce yeast, true hyphae and pseudohyphae.

Ans. is ‘c’ i.e., Blastomeres seen in isolates

• Candida is a yeast like fungus.
• Forms thick walled chlamydospores when grown on cornmeal agar.
• Systemic infections such as septicemia, endocarditis and meningitis may occur as terminal complications in persons on prolonged immunosuppression.

Ans. is ‘b’ i.e., IUCD user

B, C i.e. Candida; Propioni bacterium acnes

Resident flora (normal commensal) of skin consists of permanently present mixture of several non pathogenic microorganisms. It includes :

Coagulase negative Staphylococcus epidermidis (not coagulase positive staphylococcus aureus)Q and peptococcus.

Diptheroid bacilli which may be aerobic (eg Corynebacterium minutissimum) or anerobic (eg propionibacterium acnes)Q.

Brevibacterium, a hemolytic streptococcus (S.viridians), enterococci (S. fecalis), gram –^ye Coliform bacilli & acme tobacter’ (Harellea) and acid fast non pathogenic mycobacterium (in areas rich in sebaceous secretion eg external ear & genitalia).

Fungus such as candida and yeast eg Malassezia.

Ans. B: Candida

Ans. is ‘c’ i.e., It is a mould

Candida

• Candida is a yeast like fungus (not mould).
• Candida albicans is the most common cause of mucosal candidiasis.
• All candida species pathogenic for humans are also encountered as commensals of humans, particularly in the mouth, stool and vagina.
• They grow rapidly on simple media as oval budding cells at 25^° to 37°C.
• In tissue, both yeasts and pseudohyphae are present.
• Candida albicans is differentiated by other candida :
• It forms true hyphae (mycelia) or germ tubes when grown in serum.
• It forms thick walled large spores called chlamydospores when grown in corn meal agar.
• It is dimorphic.

Remember → Candida albicans can produce yeast, true hyphae and pseudohyphae.

• A rapid method of identifying C. albicans is based on its ability to form germ tubes within two hours when incubated in human serum at 37°C Reynolds – Braude phenomenon ( Also known as germ tube test)

Ans:C.)Candida

The fungus shown in the photograph above represents candida.

Candida

• It is a genus of yeasts and is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide.
• Candida albicans is the most commonly isolated species.
  • C. albicans is a diploid fungus populating the human body worldwide, inhabiting 80% of everyone’s intestinal tract, colon, and mouth with no problems.
  • It is normally commensal of humans but can be pathogenic if a person’s immunity is lowered or there is a change in natural flora or physiology.
• Morphology:
• It is dimorphic.
  • C. albicans can take on either a unicellular (yeast) or multicellular (hyphae, pseudohyphae) form.
• In Gram stained smears, Candida appears as gram positive budding yeast cells (blastoconidia) and/or pseudohyphae showing regular points of constriction.Spores form on the pseudohyphae called chlamydospores
• Culture:
  • Candida appears as large, round, white or cream colonies, which emit a yeasty odor on agar plates at room temperature.
• Germ tube positive:A rapid method of identifying C. albicans is based on its ability to form germ tubes within two hours when incubated in human serum at 37°C Reynolds – Braude phenomenon ( Also known as germ tube test)

Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., Candida

• Individuals with DM have a greater frequency and severity of infection. The reasons for this include incompletely defined abnormalities in cell-mediated immunit^y and phagocyte function associated with hyperglycemia, as well as diminished vascularization. Hyperglycemia aids the colonization and growth of a variety of organisms (candida and other fungal species).