Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

20 weeks

20 weeks

12 weeks

The MTP Act permits termination of pregnancy for medical reasons only

18 years

Hypertonic saline

Prostaglandin

b and c both

Menstrual regulation is a method of MTP used in the first trimester.

It should be done within 42 days of the last menstrual period.

The rest of the methods mentioned can be used in the 2nd trimester.

Medical termination of pregnancy is permitted upto 20 weeks or 140 days. When the pregnancy exceeds 12 weeks opinion of two medical practitioners is required.
 

• The continuation of pregnancy would involve serious risk of life or grave injury to the physical and mental health of the pregnant women.
• There is a substantial risk of the child being born with serious physical and mental abnormalities so as to be handicapped in life.
• When the pregnancy is caused by rape, both in cases of major and minor girl and in mentally imbalanced women.
• Pregnancy caused as a result of failure of a contraceptive.

C i.e. Very poor socio economic position of the family

Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., Medical termination of pregnancy

Mifepristone

• Mifepristone is a 19-norsteroid with potent competitive antiprogestational, antiglucocorticod and antiandrogenic action.
• Mifepriston is a partial agonist and competitive antagonist at both A and B isoforms of progesterone receptors.
• Uses

1. Termination ofpregnancy              3. Postcoital contraceptive                      5. Induction of labour
2. Cervical ripening                      4. Once-a-month contraceptive               6. Cushing’s syndrome

o Uses under evaluation are-in endometriosis, uterine fibroid, certain breast cancers and meningioma.

Ans. is ‘b’ i.e., 12 weeks 

Up to 12 weeks                —>          Single RMP

12 weeks to 20 weeks        —->     Two RMP

Ans. D: Termination of pregnancy up to 20 weeks can be done by medical practitioner without consulting specialist

If the period of pregnancy is:

• Below 12 weeks, it can be terminated by on the opinion of a single doctor.
• If the period is between 12-20 weeks, two doctors must agree, though only one can do it once the opinion is formed
• In an emergency, even after 20 weeks a single doctor can perform it.

Consent of the husband for MTP is not required

Ans. A: Ethyl Dacrycyanate

Method of termination of pregnancy in first trimester are

• Manual vacuum aspiration
• Suction evacuation and/or curettage
• Dilatation and evacuation
• Medical methods:

–         Misoprostol + Mifepristone

–         Methotrexate + Misoprostol

–         Tamoxifen + Misoprostol

Ans. Maternal age 35 years

Ans. is ‘c’ i.e., Very poor socio economic position of the family

The conditions under which a pregnancy can be terminated under the MTP Act.1971

• There are 4 conditions that have been identified in the Act :

1. Medical :- Where continuation of the pregnancy might endanger the mother’s lifeor cause grave injury to her physical or mental health.
2. Eugenic :- Where there is substantial risk of the child being born with serious handicaps due to physical or mental abnormalities.
3. Humanitarian :- Where pregnancy is the result of rape.
4. Failure of contraceptive devices :- The anguish caused by an unwanted pregnancy resulting from a failure of any contraceptive device or method can be presumed to constitute a grave mental injury to the health of the mother. This condition is a unique feature of the Indian law and virtually allows abortion on request, in view of the difficulty of proving that a pregnancy was not caused by failure of contraception.