Rhinosleroma

• Rhinoscleroma is caused by the gram-negative coccobacillus K rhinoscleromatis.

The disease begins in areas of epithelial transition such as the vestibule of the nose, the subglottic area of the larynx. It resembles atrophic rhinitis in atrophic stage. Subdermal infiltration of lower part of external nose and upper lip gives a ‘woody’ feel. 

The classic biopsy findings compatible with rhinoscleroma include Mikulicz cells, macrophages containing large amounts of bacteria-filled vacuoles, and Russell bodies, spherical structures found in the cytoplasm of plasma cells. 

Mikulicz cells are large mononuclear histiocytes with vacuolated cytoplasm containing causative bacilli and Russell bodies are homogenous eosinophilic inclusion bodies found in the plasma cells.

Rhinoscleroma:
It is a rare, chronic progressive granulomatous disease of the upper respiratory tract caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis.

In rhinoscleromatosis, organism may be difficult to eradicate, despite aggressive therapy.

A combination of conservative surgical debridement and long-term antibiotic coverage is the mainstay of therapy for rhinoscleroma.

Tetracycline has been shown to be effective and inexpensive for patients unless contraindicated.

Fluoroquinolones may be used as an alternative, given their excellent gram-negative activity and convenient dosing regimen

Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Gram negative bacillus called Klebsiella rhinoscleromates or Frisch bacillus

Ans. is ‘c’ i.e., Klebsiellarhinoscleromatis infection

Rhinoscleroma

• The causative organism is Klebsiellarhinosclerontatisor Frisch bacillus, which can be cultured from the biopsy material.
• The disease is endemic in several parts of world.
• In India, it is seen more often in northern than in the southern parts.
• Biopsy shows infiltration of submucosa with plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, Mikulicz cells & Russell bodies.
• The latter two are diagnostic features of the disease.
• The disease starts in the nose & extends to nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, trachea & bronchi.
• Mode of infection is unknown.
• Both sexes of any age may be affected.