Location of retinal findings in diabetic retinopathy Micro Aneurysms-Inner nuclear layer Hard Exudates-Outer Plexiform layer Soft Exudates-Nerve fiber layer Flamed shaped Hemorrhages- Nerve fiber layer Dot & Blot Hemorrhages- Inner Nuclear layer
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Diabetic Retinopathy-Types The types of Diabetic retinopathy are: NPDR Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Age< 20 yr. PDR Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Age> 20 yr.
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Commonest cause of Visual loss overall → Macular Edema Commonest cause of Visual loss in NPDR → Macular Edema Commonest cause of Visual loss in PDR → Vitreous Hemorrhage
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Causes & Screening of Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic capital of the world [WHO] → India [63 Million diabetics] Risk Factors: Duration → Most important prognostic factor Poor control of Blood glucose Hypertension Pregnancy Timing for Checkup: 5 yrs. from detection → Type 1 / IDDM Immediately from detection → Type 2 / NIDDM Then once
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DIABETIC RETINOPATHY Q. 1 Treatment of Advanced Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with extensive vitreoretinal fibrosis and fractional retinal detachment involves all of the following, EXCEPT: A Reattachment of detached or torn retina B Removal of epiretinal membrane C Vitrectomy D Exophotocoagulation Q. 1 Treatment of Advanced Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with extensive vitreoretinal fibrosis and fractional retinal
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DIABETIC RETINOPATHY DIABETIC RETINOPATHY Damage to retina caused by complications of Diabetes mellitus. Risk of diabetic retinopathy higher in Type I DM. Risk factors for development of diabeteic retinopathy in diabetic patients: 1. Duration of disease: most important risk factor 2. Sex: more in females 3. Poor glycemic control
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Diabetic Retinopathy DIABETIC RETINOPATHY It is retinopathy (damage to the retina) caused by complications of diabetes mellitus, which can eventually lead to blindness. It is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease which affects up to 80% of all patients who have had diabetes for 10 years or more. CLASSIFICATION: Nonproliferative Proliferative Background retinopathy Microaneurysm Dot
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DIABETIC RETINOPATHY Q. 1 Earliest feature of Diabetic Retinopathy is? A Microaneurysms B Cotton Wool spots C Dot-&-Blot haemorrhages D Hard Exudates Q. 1 Earliest feature of Diabetic Retinopathy is? A Microaneurysms B Cotton Wool spots C Dot-&-Blot haemorrhages D Hard Exudates Ans. A Explanation: Microaneurysms REF: Yanoff 2nd edition page 878 Microaneurysms are the first
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