Image Based Question-66190

Correct Answer » A Explanation

Ans:A.

a:Lateral process of Malleus

b:Handle of Malleus

c:Cone of light

d:Pars tensa

e:Annulus

f:Umbo

g:Long process of incus

h:Pars flaccida

The image is shown of a Tympanic membrane.

Tympanic membrane

• Structure:

• Outer epithelial/cutaneous layer: stratified squamous epithelium .

• Middle fibrous layer: thin/absent in pars flaccida; contains 3 types of fibers – radial, circular and parabolic.

• Inner mucosal layer

• Components

• Anterior and posterior malleolar fold: Converges to the lateral process of malleus from 2 ends of the tympanic notch of Rivinus

• Pars flacidda/Sharpnell membrane/Rivinus membrane: Part of relatively lax membrane lying above the malleolar folds; lack middle fibrous layer

• Pars tensa: Relatively taut and forms the remaining part of the tympanic membrane; contain all 3 layers

• Annulus tympanicus: Thick rolled periphery of pars tensa

• Umbo: Center of the tympanic membrane which divides it into 4 quadrants and the point of attachment for the handle of malleus

• Tympanic notch of Rivinus/Rivinus incisure: Notch (deficient area) in the superior part of fibrocartilaginous tympanic ring bridged by pars flaccida.

• Cone of light/Light reflex: In the antero-inferior quandrant, below and anterior to the handle of malleus

Ossicles seen :

• The handle of the malleus is seen extending downwards and backwards, ending at the apex of the triangular “cone of reflected light.”

• The lateral process of malleus through which passes anterior and posterior malleolar folds

• The long process of the incus and its articulation with the head of the stapes may frequently be seen through the postero-superior quadrant of a thin tympanic membrane.