Transport of Bilirubin Transport of Bilirubin Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), the principal mammalian bile pigment, is the end intravascular product of heme catabolism. Bilirubin is toxic to tissues; therefore, it is transported in the blood bound to albumin. Bilirubin in the bloodstream is usually in a free, or unconjugated, state. Bilirubin leaves the site of production in the reticuloendothelial system and […]
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Transport of Bilirubin Q. 1 Bilirubin is absent in urine because it is : A Distributed in the body fat B Conjugated with glucoronide C Not filterable D Lipophilic. Q. 1 Bilirubin is absent in urine because it is : A Distributed in the body fat B Conjugated with glucoronide C Not filterable D Lipophilic.
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hyperbilirubinemia Q. 1 Following are causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, except: A Hemolytic anemia B Large hematoma C Rotor syndrome D Megaloblastic anemia Q. 1 Following are causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, except: A Hemolytic anemia B Large hematoma C Rotor syndrome D Megaloblastic anemia Ans. C Explanation: Answer is C (Rotor syndrome) Rotor’s syndrome is an
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HYPERBILIRUBINEMIAS HYPERBILIRUBINEMIAS Depending on the nature of the bilirubin elevated, the condition may be grouped into:- → conjugated or Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. A → Congenital Hyperbilirubinemias They result from abnormal uptake, conjugation or excretion of bilirubin due to inherited defects such as Crigler-Najjar Syndrome The defect is due to conjugation, there is severe deficiency of UDP
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POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) Karry Mullis invented this ingenious method in 1989, & awarded Nobel prize in 1993. millions of copies of a particular sequence of DNA can be produced within a few hours. PCR is a method of enzymatic amplification of a target sequence of DNA. It is sensitive, selective (specific) and
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PCR Q. 1 PCR is done for: UP 11; UPSC 13; AIIMS 13 A Cloning of DNA in cells B Replication of DNA in vitro C Sequencing of DNA D Both A and B Q. 1 PCR is done for: UP 11; UPSC 13; AIIMS 13 A Cloning of DNA in cells B Replication of
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HEPATORENAL SYNDROME HEPATORENAL SYNDROME HRS is development of acute renal failure due to severe hepatic (advanced cirrhosis) or bilary disease with jaundice. Low cardiac putput and high plasma rennin predicts development of HRS. Patient develops oliguria, azotaemia and hyponatraemia. ETIOLOGY- Bile salt sludging in the tubules Absorption of toxins Increase ADH release Hypoperfusion and renal
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Hepatorenal syndrome Q. 1 Albumin treatment along with antibiotic in the setting of SBP(spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) is indicated to prevent the development of hepatorenal syndrome is in all , EXCEPT: A Serum creatine is > 1 mg/dl B BUN > 30mg/dl C Total bilirubin is > 4 mg/dl D INR > 2 Q. 1 Albumin treatment
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INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS (HUNNER’S ULCER, ELUSIVE ULCER) Inflammation of bladder mucosa is cystitis. The characteristic linear bleeding ulcer is caused by splitting of mucosa when the bladder is distended under anaesthesia Severe fibrosis along with inflammation of urinary bladder due to pancystitis results in small thimble bladder. Ulceration of the mucosa occurs in fundus
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Interstitial Cystitis Q. 1 Cells involved in interstitial cystitis? A Lymphocytes B Neutrophils C Macrophages D Mast cells Q. 1 Cells involved in interstitial cystitis? A Lymphocytes B Neutrophils C Macrophages D Mast cells Ans. D Explanation: Ans. is ‘d’ i.e., Mast cells Mast cells are often seen in the mucosa, lamina propria, and muscularis
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