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WHO clinical staging of HIV/AIDS for children with confirmed HIV infection

WHO clinical staging of HIV/AIDS for children with confirmed HIV infection Q. 1 A 30-year-old man undergoes a lung biopsy, which shows multiple nodular lesions consisting of large epithelioid cells surrounded by lymphocytes and fibroblasts. There is an area of necrosis in the center of some nodules. Numerous acid-fast bacilli are demonstrated by Ziehl-Neelsen staining […]

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AIDS Control Programmes

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AIDS Control Programmes WHO case definition for AIDS: In an adult or adolescent (>12 years) Major Signs: Prolonged fever more than 1 month Chronic diarrhoea > 1 month Weight loss > 10% of body weight Minor signs Persistent cough for more than one month Generalized pruritic dermatitis History of herpes zoster Chronic progressive or disseminated

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AIDS Control Programmes

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AIDS Control Programmes Q. 1 All are indicators of goal 6 of Millennium Development Goal, EXCEPT: A HIV prevalence among women aged 15-49 years B Number of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS C Prevalence and death rates of tuberculosis D Prevalence and death rates of malaria Q. 1 All are indicators of goal 6 of Millennium

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Diagnostic Techniques In HIV

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Diagnostic Techniques In HIV DIAGNOSIS Demonstration of Antibody ELISA is the best screening test (Sensitivity > 99.9%) Western blot +ELISA=confirmatory test ( 99.9%) Indeterminate results with Western blot in: Early HIV infection HIV-2 infection Autoimmune disease Pregnancy Recent tetanus toxoid administration Demonstration of HIV or lts components Antigen detection p24 p24 is the earliest viral

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Diagnostic Techniques In HIV

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Diagnostic Techniques In HIV Q. 1 All are associated with AIDS EXCEPT: A Increased p 24 Ab B Hypogammaglobulinemia C Abnormal mitogen assay D Anergy Q. 1 All are associated with AIDS EXCEPT: A Increased p 24 Ab B Hypogammaglobulinemia C Abnormal mitogen assay D Anergy Ans. B Explanation: Even though HIV causes immune suppression,

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Replication & Transmission Of HIV

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Replication & Transmission Of HIV VIRAL REPLICATION: STEP 1 Binding or Attachment stage Site of attachment is the CD4 antigen found on : Helper T cells Macrophages Monocytes B cells Microglial brain cells Intestinal cells T cells infected later on. Replication begins with the high affinity binding of gp120 with CD-4 After binding, gp120 undergoes

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Replication & Transmission Of HIV

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Replication & Transmission Of HIV Q. 1 During the asymptomatic latent phase of AIDS, the virus is actively proliferating, and can be found in association with? A B lymphocytes B Follicular dendritic cells in lymph nodes C Ganglion cells D Oligodendrocytes Q. 1 During the asymptomatic latent phase of AIDS, the virus is actively proliferating,

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) INTRODUCTION: Causative agent of AIDS(Slim disease) Discovered by Luc Montagnier of France in 1983 HIV is found in Blood, Semen, Saliva HIV is highly mutable virus Family retrovirdae; subfamily lentivirdae Two types are found HIV 1 and HIV 2. HIV 1 most common HIV prevalence can be assessed by Sentinel surveillance Oncogenic

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Q. 1 RNA oncogenic virus amongst the following is? A HIV B HTLV C HBV D A and B Q. 1 RNA oncogenic virus amongst the following is? A HIV B HTLV C HBV D A and B Ans. D Explanation: Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., HIV & ‘b’ i.e., HTLV Retroviruses

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Streptococcus Viridans

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Streptococcus Viridans INTRODUCTION: Commensal streptococcal bacteria species Either α-hemolytic or nonhemolytic. CULTURE CHARATERSTICS On blood agar, after incubation for 18 hrs Colonies are small, dome shaped and glistening with an area of green discoloration (alpha hemolysis) around them NORMAL INHABITANT OF The mouth The upper respiratory tract The gastrointestinal system The genitourinary tract On occasion, they can be

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