VENOUS ULCERS VENOUS ULCERS Venous ulcers are situated on the medial side of lower half of the leg above medial malleolus (gaitre’s zone) It is a complication of varicose veins and DVT. ETIOLOGY- Fibrin cuff theory- High venous pressure –> pericapillary infiltrate –> fibrin –> fibrosis –> cuffs –> diffusion block –> tissue damage White […]
LYMPHANGIOSARCOMA ANGIOSARCOMA (LYMPHANGIOSARCOMA) Lymphangiosarcoma arises from lymph vessel endothelium. They are high grade and aggressive tumours. It usually occurs after radical lymph node dissection (Stewart – Treves syndrome) It may develop as a complication of a long standing lymphodema. CLINICAL FEATURES- Most of them occur in head and neck, breast, liver. Acute worsening of
Lymphangiosarcoma Q. 1 Lymphangiosarcoma occurs in? A Lymphangiomas B Lymphomas C Lymphedema D Serous cavity tumors Q. 1 Lymphangiosarcoma occurs in? A Lymphangiomas B Lymphomas C Lymphedema D Serous cavity tumors Ans. C Explanation: Lymphedema REF: Sabiston 18th ed chapter 69 “Lymphangiosarcoma is a rare tumor that develops as a complication of long-standing (usually more than
GRAFTS GRAFTS Graft is transfer of tissue from one area to other without blood supply or nerve supply. It can be- a) Autograft- tissue transferred from one location to another on the same patient. b) Isograft- tissue transferred between two genetically identical twins. c) Allograft- tissue transferred between two genetically different members (kidney transplant)- (homograft)
SKIN GRAFTS Q. 1 Skin grafts stored at 40 C can survive up to? A 1 week B 2 weeks C 3 weeks D 4 weeks Q. 1 Skin grafts stored at 40 C can survive up to? A 1 week B 2 weeks C 3 weeks D 4 weeks Ans. B Explanation: 2 weeks REF:
MALIGNANT MELANOMA MALIGNANT MELANOMA (MELANOCARCINOMA) Malignant melanoma is a malignant tumour arising from epidermal melanocyte derived from neural crest. Most aggressive cutaneous malignant tumour. DOPA REACTION- SITES FOR MALIGNANT MELANOMA- Head & neck Lower extremity Trunk Upper limb Choroid of the eye Genetalia MC site for men- front or back of the trunk MC site
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Malignant melanoma Q. 1 Skin biopsy of a patient shows evidence of malignant melanoma. Which is the common type of malignant melanoma? A Superficial spreading B Lentigo maligna melanoma C Nodular D Acral lentiginous Q. 1 Skin biopsy of a patient shows evidence of malignant melanoma. Which is the common type of malignant melanoma? A
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MONDOR DISEASE MONDOR’S DISEASE Mondor disease is a spontaneous thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the breast and anterior chest wall. Also called as String phlebitis due to tender, cord like structure. ETIOLOGY- Unknown CLINICAL FEATURES- Presented as a thrombosed subcutaneous cord (3cm) attached to skin. On raising arm, shallow subcutaneous grooves appear alongside cord
Mondor Disease Q. 1 Mondor’s disease of breast is a variant of: A Mycotic infection B Malignancy C Thrombophlebitis D Lymphadenitis Q. 1 Mondor’s disease of breast is a variant of: A Mycotic infection B Malignancy C Thrombophlebitis D Lymphadenitis Ans. C Explanation: Mondor’s disease is a variant of thrombophlebitis that involves the superficial veins
CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Central Dogma Of Molecular Biology The flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein is ter med the “central dogma” of molecular biology. It is descriptive of all organisms, with the exception of some viruses that have RNA as the repository of their genetic information. DNA stores genetic information:- Information about amino acid
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