Diagnosis In Pregnancy FIRST TRIMESTER FIRST (12 WEEKS): SUBJECTIVE SYMPTOMS: Amenorrhea: placental sign:scanty & shorter duration of cyclic bleeding may occur up to 12 weeks of pregnancy Hartman’s symptoms: slight bleeding occurs at time of menstruation Morning sickness (Nausea and vomiting): Appears soon following the missed period Rarely lasts beyond 16 weeks Frequency of micturition: 8–12th week Due […]
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Umbilical Cord DEFINITION: The umbilical cord or funis forms the connecting link between the fetus and the placenta through which the fetal blood flows to and from the placenta. It extends from the fetal umbilicus to the fetal surface of the placenta. The umbilical cord stump of a newborn most frequently sloughs off about the 10th day
Diagnosis In Pregnancy Q. 1 Signs positive in early pregnancy are : A Hegar’s sign B Palmer’s sign C Goodell’s sign and Osiander’s sign both D All Q. 1 Signs positive in early pregnancy are : A Hegar’s sign B Palmer’s sign C Goodell’s sign and Osiander’s sign both D All Ans. D Explanation: All Q. 2
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Methods of Obstetrical Examination PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS TESTS: Principle: Pregnancy tests depend on detection of the antigen Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted during early pregnancy by trophoblastic cells to maintain the corpus luteum that appears in the maternal urine or serum with antibody either polyclonal or monoclonal. HCG (doubles every 2 days)reaches peak at approximately 10 weeks. Earliest diagnsostic test Test Test Sensitivity
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Umbilical Cord Q. 1 Length of umbilical cord is? A 40-50 cms B 60- 120 cms C 30-100 cms D 25-40 cms Q. 1 Length of umbilical cord is? A 40-50 cms B 60- 120 cms C 30-100 cms D 25-40 cms Ans. C Explanation: 30-100 cms REF: Dutta 6′h ed p. 40 The normal
Methods of Obstetrical Examination Q. 1 Hasse’s formula used in pregnancy to? A Estimate fetal age B Identify fetal blood group C Identify fetal sex D Identify fetal congenital malformations Q. 1 Hasse’s formula used in pregnancy to? A Estimate fetal age B Identify fetal blood group C Identify fetal sex D Identify fetal congenital
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Amniotic Fluid ORIGIN OF AMNIOTIC FLUID: The precise origin of the liquor amnii is mixed maternal and fetal origin. CIRCULATION: The water in the amniotic fluid is completely changed and replaced in every 3 hours The presence of lanugo and epithelial scales in the meconium shows that the fluid is swallowed by the fetus and some of
Amniotic Fluid Q. 1 Best method for the diagnosis of lung maturity is? A L/S ratio in amniotic fluid B Phosphtidyl glycerol estimation in amniotic fluid C Bilirubin in amniotic fluid D Amniotic fluid creatinine Q. 1 Best method for the diagnosis of lung maturity is? A L/S ratio in amniotic fluid B Phosphtidyl glycerol
Placenta DEVELOPMENT: The placenta is developed from two sources: Fetal(Develops from the chorion frondosum) Maternal (consists of decidua basalis) Interstitial implantation(11th DAY) ↓(Blastocyst surrounded on all sides by lacunar spaces) Trabeculae ↓ ↓ Multilocular receptacle lined by syncytium and filled with maternal blood→ xIntervillous space. Stem villi(13th DAY) ↓(connect chorionic plate with basal plate) Primary, secondary and tertiary
PLACENTA Q. 1 Which hormone produced by the human placenta has LH-like activity? A Progesterone B Testosterone C Human chorionic gonadotropin D Luteinizing hormone Q. 1 Which hormone produced by the human placenta has LH-like activity? A Progesterone B Testosterone C Human chorionic gonadotropin D Luteinizing hormone Ans. C Explanation: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is
