Mobile Apps for Medical Students
Structure & functions:
→ Are small granules of RNA’s usually occurring in clusters called Polyribosomes.
→ Polyribosomes are attached to one mRNA molecule increasing its rate of polypeptide synthesis.
→ Hence, Ribosomes are “Actual site of Protein Synthesis”.
→ Types: Free Ribosomes (Present in Cytosol); Bound Polyribosome (Present embedded on Rough ER)
Structure & function:
→ Cellular storehouses of metabolic enzymes.
→ Matrix = Nearly 50 enzymes catalyzing various metabolic reactions.
→ Enzymes: Catalase & urate oxidase (Uric acid oxidase).
→ Function: Alcohol detoxification, H2O2 degradation (catalase) & other harmful compounds in Liver
→ Oxidation of long & very long chain fatty acids.
Structure & function:
→ Are spherical or cylindrical bodies with 2 lipid bilayer-protein membranes (Outer & Inner membrane)
→ Described as “Powerhouse of cell” – Presence of Enzymes for Energy metabolism & ATP synthesis.
→ Contains independent DNA apart from Nucleus.
→ Functions: Importing & self-synthesizing of Protein.
Metabolic pathways:
→ Fatty Acid Oxidation, Electron Transport Chain (ETC) & Krebs (TCA / Citric acid) cycle & Oxidative Phosphorylation.
→ Urea Cycle & Gluconeogenesis – Initial steps in Mitochondria Later steps in Cytosol.
Mitochondrial enzymes:
| Location | Enzyme |
| Intra-crystal / Intra-membrane space |
|
| Inner Membrane |
|
| Mitochondrial Matrix |
|
“MARKER ENZYMES” – Enzymes in Matrix, Inner Membrane & Inter-membrane space
Rotaviruses are inactivated by-
Which of the following statement regarding Rota virus is false?
| A |
Most commonly affects children |
|
| B |
Double stranded RNA virus |
|
| C |
It is a non enveloped virus |
|
| D |
None of the above |
Which of the following statement regarding Rota virus is false?
| A |
Most commonly affects children |
|
| B |
Double stranded RNA virus |
|
| C |
It is a non enveloped virus |
|
| D |
None of the above |
Rota virus is a double stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Reoviridae.
The RNA is enclosed in a triple layered, non enveloped icosahedral capsid.
It is one of the commonest cause for watery diarrhoea in children.
Oral rehydration therapy is the most appropriate treatment of choice.
Reassortment has enabled the development of live vaccines, which is a feature of the following virus?
| A |
Hepadna virus |
|
| B |
Herpes virus |
|
| C |
Astrovirus |
|
| D |
Rotavirus |
Reassortment has enabled the development of live vaccines, which is a feature of the following virus?
| A |
Hepadna virus |
|
| B |
Herpes virus |
|
| C |
Astrovirus |
|
| D |
Rotavirus |
One unique feature of rotaviruses is the ease with which the 11 RNA segments can undergo reassortment.
Reassortment has enabled the development of live vaccines that combine genes from readily cultivated animal rotaviruses with human rotavirus genes that encode serotype-specific capsid proteins.
Ref: Ray C.G., Ryan K.J. (2010). Chapter 15. Viruses of Diarrhea. In C.G. Ray, K.J. Ryan (Eds), Sherris Medical Microbiology, 5e.
Segmented genome is found in –
| A |
Retrovirus |
|
| B |
Rotavirus |
|
| C |
Poliovirus |
|
| D |
Rhabdovirus |
Segmented genome is found in –
| A |
Retrovirus |
|
| B |
Rotavirus |
|
| C |
Poliovirus |
|
| D |
Rhabdovirus |
Ans. is b- Rotavirus
Which of the following is true about Rotavirus ‑
| A |
Commonly affects children |
|
| B |
Double Stranded DNA |
|
| C |
Can be grown easily on cell culture |
|
| D |
Egg shell appearance under electron microscope |
Which of the following is true about Rotavirus ‑
| A |
Commonly affects children |
|
| B |
Double Stranded DNA |
|
| C |
Can be grown easily on cell culture |
|
| D |
Egg shell appearance under electron microscope |
Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., Commonly affects children
. Rotavirus are now recognized as the most common cause of diarrhea! disease in infants and children.
. Rotavirus has double stranded RNA
. Under electron microscope, Rotavirus looks like a wheel.
Genetic reassortment is seen with –
| A |
Astrovirus |
|
| B |
Herpes virus |
|
| C |
Rotavirus |
|
| D |
Hepadena virus |
Genetic reassortment is seen with –
| A |
Astrovirus |
|
| B |
Herpes virus |
|
| C |
Rotavirus |
|
| D |
Hepadena virus |
Ans. is ‘c’ i.e., Rotavirus
Double stranded RNA virus with segmented genome‑
| A |
Influenza |
|
| B |
Rotavirus |
|
| C |
Arenavirus |
|
| D |
Bunyavirus |
Double stranded RNA virus with segmented genome‑
| A |
Influenza |
|
| B |
Rotavirus |
|
| C |
Arenavirus |
|
| D |
Bunyavirus |
Ans. is ‘b’ i.e., Rotavirus
Double stranded RNA virus ‑
| A |
Rotavirus |
|
| B |
Measles virus |
|
| C |
Mumps virus |
|
| D |
Influenza virus |
Double stranded RNA virus ‑
| A |
Rotavirus |
|
| B |
Measles virus |
|
| C |
Mumps virus |
|
| D |
Influenza virus |
Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., Rotavirus
