TREATMENT

Retinoblastoma-Treatment

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 Retinoblastoma-Treatment The treatment of retinoblastoma includes the following: Focal- Cryotherapy Laser photocoagulation Trans pupillary Thermotherapy Systemic- This involves chemotherapy, which is further divided into the following Intravenous: Success rates > 95% [VEC] – 6 cycles S/E – deafness Intravitreal: DOC- MELPHALAN Intraarterial: Into Ophthalmic Artery MELPHALAN TOPOTECTAN CARBOPLATIN Enucleation: Advanced intra ocular RB with […]

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Treatment Of NPDR

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 Treatment Of NPDR Treatment of NPDR is done by: Laser photocoagulation: DF-ND YAG LASER [DF –Double Frequency] Wavelength → 1064/2 → 532nm Green laser [applied peripherally] 60-80⁰ C heat used [absorbs edema] Anti VEGF Drugs: BEVACIZUMAB RANIBIZUMAB Intra Vitreal Steroids: TRIAMCINOLONE OZURDEX [Implantable Dexamethasone] All the treatment modalities are explained along with images

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Schizophrenia-Treatment

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Schizophrenia-Treatment Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia includes antipsychotics/neuroleptics. Both typical and atypical antipsychotics are used Typical antipsychotics (1st gen): Acts Via D2 Receptor Antagonism Effective Against Positive Symptoms Minimal Effect on Negative Symptoms Causes More Extrapyramidal Side Effects Atypical antipsychotics (1st gen): Acts Via D2 & 5HT 2 Receptor Antagonism Effective Against (+) and (-) Symptoms

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Bipolar Disorder-Treatment

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Bipolar Disorder-Treatment Pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder: 1. Mood Stabilizers Lithium, Valproate, Carbamazepine, Oxacarbamazepine and Lamotrigine Lithium – Prototypical mood stabilizer. Takes 1-2 weeks to start acting Valproate – Preferred Drug for acute mania Lamotrigine – Used in Acute depressive episode of bipolar disease [Bipolar Depression] 2. Antipsychotics 3. Benzodiazepines High potency BDZ used for

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Buerger Disease

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BUERGER DISEASE BUERGER’S DISEASE (THROMBOANGITIS OBLITERANS) Buerger’s disease is a non- atherosclerotic, progressive, segmental, occlusive inflammatory disorder involving small and medium sized arteries with cell mediated sensitivity to Type I and Type II collage in upper and lower extremities. Inflammatory process does involve adjacent nerves and veins. Triad of thromboangitis obliterans- occlusion of small and

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Buerger Disease

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Buerger Disease Q. 1 All of the following are the clinical feature of thromboangitis obliterans except :  A Raynaud’s phenomenon  B Claudication of extremeties  C Absence of popliteal pulse  D Migratory superficial thrombophlabitis Q. 1 All of the following are the clinical feature of thromboangitis obliterans except :  A Raynaud’s phenomenon  B Claudication of extremeties

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Ectopic Testis

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ECTOPIC TESTIS ECTOPIA TESTIS An ectopic testicle descends normally through the inguinal canal but then moves into an abnormal position in the groin area. The main hazard is liability to injury. Sites of ectopic testis- a) Superficial inguinal pouch b) Perineum c) Root of the penis d) Femoral triangle (thigh) Ectopic testis is usually fully

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Ectopic Testis

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ECTOPIC TESTIS Q. 1 Ectopic testis is found in all location except ‑  A Lumbar  B Perineal  C Intra abdominal  D Inguinal Q. 1 Ectopic testis is found in all location except ‑  A Lumbar  B Perineal  C Intra abdominal  D Inguinal Ans. C Explanation: Ans. is C Sites of ectopic testis- a) Superficial inguinal

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