SJOGREN’S SYNDROME SJOGREN’S SYNDROME Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disorder associated with parotid glands. It is characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal gland. It affects women more (40- 60 years) Associated with HLA- B8 & DR3. Associated with RA, SLE, and primary biliary cirrhosis. Clinical Features- Dry eyes ( keratoconjuctivitis sicca) Xerostomia Vaginal […]
Glucose-6 -phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) Q. 1 Acute hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency is triggered by all, EXCEPT: A Fava beans B Infections C Drugs D Anemia Q. 1 Acute hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency is triggered by all, EXCEPT: A Fava beans B Infections C Drugs D Anemia Ans. D Explanation: Acute hemolytic anemia
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Glucose-6 -phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) GLUCOSE-6 –PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DIFICIENCY ANAEMIA (G6PD) Hereditary disorders of red cell interior are of 2 types- 1. Red cell enzyme defects (enzymopathies) Defective red cell metabolism involves 2 pathways- Defect in hexose monophosphate shunt- E.g. G6PD deficiency. Defect in Embden- Meyerhoff pathway- E.g. Pyruvate kinase deficiency 2. Disorders of haemoglobin
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Healing of specialised tissue (fracture healing) Q. 1 Following a fracture of the humerus, an adult patient has a biopsy of the healing area. Which of the following types of bone will the biopsy most likely show? A Cancellous B Compact C Spongy D Woven Q. 1 Following a fracture of the humerus, an adult
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Healing of specialised tissue (fracture healing) HEALING IN SPECIALIZED TISSUES Fracture healing- Healing of fracture by callus formation depends on- Traumatic/ pathological Complete/ incomplete Simple/ compound Healing of any fracture takes place by- Primary union of fracture Secondary union (more common)- it is described under 3 heading- a) Procallus formation- it is as follows Hematoma formation
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Stem cells Q. 1 Stem cells are located in which region of hair follicle: A Bulb B Root C Bulge D Papilla Q. 1 Stem cells are located in which region of hair follicle: A Bulb B Root C Bulge D Papilla Ans. C Explanation: Bulge Stem cells are thought to reside mainly in the
Stem cells STEM CELLS Stem cells has major 2 properties- Self renewal Asymmetric replication (stochastic differentiation) Types of Stem cells- 1. Embryogenic stem cells (ES cells)- They are pluripotent (generate all cell lineages) Isolated from normal blastocysts Most undifferentiated stem cells. 2. Adult stem cells Also called as tissue stem cells. Adult stem cells occur in
urolithiasis Q. 1 Which one of the following gastrointestinal disorders predisposes to urolithiasis – A Peutz – Jegher’s syndrome B Short bowel syndrome C Familial polyposis coli D Ulcerative colitis Q. 1 Which one of the following gastrointestinal disorders predisposes to urolithiasis – A Peutz – Jegher’s syndrome B Short bowel syndrome C Familial polyposis
urolithiasis UROLITHIASIS Urolithiasis/ nephrolithiasis is the formation of urinary calculi at any level of urinary tract. Most common location of calculi arise in the kidney. More common in males. Seen in 2nd to 3rd decades of life. They are characterised by colicky pain (renal colic) & hematuria. Types of Urinary Calculi- There are 4 types
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor(G-CSF) Q. 1 Drug of choice for Neutropenia due to cancer chemotherapy is A Vitamin B-12 B IL 11 C Filgrastim D Erythropoietin Q. 1 Drug of choice for Neutropenia due to cancer chemotherapy is A Vitamin B-12 B IL 11 C Filgrastim D Erythropoietin Ans. C Explanation: Filgrastim REF: KDT 6TH edition,
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